{"code":"TC-45","label":"Regulatory Capture via Anti-CSO Appointments","category":"Structural / Institutional","definition":"Strategic placement of documented CSO adversaries in ministerial and regulatory positions with direct authority over civil society registration, funding, licensing, or legitimization frameworks. Distinct from general political appointment: TC-45 specifically installs actors with established public anti-CSO records into bodies designed to cooperate with or oversee civil society. Creates a 'gatekeeper effect': funding diverted to GONGOs, ministries adopt a policing rather than cooperative stance toward CSOs, and far-right or authoritarian framing of civil society is mainstreamed as normal state function. Particularly damaging when appointments reach bodies governing EU accession participation — inverting the primary legitimizing framework for civil society engagement with the state. Distinct from TC-35 (Institutional CSO Exclusion), which dissolves cooperation structures; TC-45 installs adversaries inside the regulatory apparatus itself.","needs_review":false,"instrument_type":"Structural","detection_signal":"Appointment of individuals with documented anti-CSO public records to ministries overseeing NGO registration, social sector funding, or EU integration; GONGO funding diversion following appointments; shift from cooperative to enforcement/surveillance posture in ministries; ruling party loyalists placed on judicial or prosecutorial oversight bodies."}