{"id":"TUR-042","notes":"Crisis instrumentalization pattern: state-of-emergency governance extended to humanitarian disaster, displacing CSO comparative advantage in rapid response; analytically important for playbook as distinct 'disaster civic space' pattern","country":"Turkey","sources":[{"url":null,"citation":"TUSEV CSO Monitoring Matrix Turkey 2022-2023; AFAD coordination protocols; humanitarian access documentation"}],"summary":"Following the February 6 magnitude 7.8 and 7.7 earthquakes killing more than 50,000 people across 11 provinces, Turkey's Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (AFAD) assumed centralized control of all humanitarian operations. CSOs that mobilized immediately encountered systematic bureaucratic obstacles: organizations required valid Ministry of Interior permits to access disaster zones; tent camp sites were declared restricted areas with AFAD-controlled entry; aid distribution was centralized through AFAD preventing independent CSO delivery; cooperation protocols required prior AFAD approval. Multiple CSOs documented being turned back at entry points despite carrying supplies. International CSOs faced additional bureaucratic layers. TUSEV qualitative research identified restricted access as the primary barrier to CSO earthquake response.","tactics":[{"code":"TC-35","role":"primary","label":"Institutional CSO Exclusion","needs_review":false},{"code":"TC-24","role":"secondary","label":"Administrative CSO Burdening","needs_review":false}],"version":1,"channels":["AFAD coordination structure","governorship entry restrictions","Ministry of Interior permit requirements"],"entities":[{"id":1131,"name":"AFAD; Ministry of Interior; local governorships","role":"actor","entity_type":"State; Emergency Management Agency"},{"id":1132,"name":"Humanitarian and disaster-response CSOs; international NGOs operating in earthquake zone","role":"target","entity_type":"CSO"}],"date_text":"06/02/2023","created_at":"2026-09-24T17:50:55.358311+00:00","escalation":3,"harm_track":"Track 1 — Organisational Integrity","narratives":[{"code":"NF-10","role":"primary","label":"Sovereignty Protection / State Security Infrastructure","needs_review":false}],"report_ids":[],"signal_ids":[],"updated_at":"2026-09-24T17:50:55.358311+00:00","occurred_on":"2023-02-06","campaign_ids":["TUR-CAMP-004"],"enabler_type":"","response_ids":[],"trigger_type":"TR-07: Crisis / Emergency Instrumentalization","campaign_phase":"Phase 3: Enforcement Intensification","civic_response":"CSOs documented access barriers publicly; TUSEV qualitative research captured sector frustration; Doctors Without Borders and other international CSOs issued statements; some CSOs obtained permits but process took days during critical window","date_precision":"day","enabler_status":"","campaigns_served":[],"consequence_category":"Institutional CSO Exclusion; Emergency Power Abuse; Administrative Burdening","institutional_consequence":"CSO earthquake response capacity constrained by AFAD gatekeeping; international humanitarian standards on civil society access not met; bureaucratic barriers caused delays in aid delivery; AFAD coordination established precedent for state monopoly on disaster response"}