{"id":"ITA-002","notes":"Coded Sep 25 2026 from Civic Space Watch (CIVICUS rating: obstructed). Two CSW alerts (decree, law) coded as one measure. A second security decree followed in May 2026 (not yet coded).","country":"Italy","sources":[{"url":"https://civicspacewatch.eu/alert/italy-security-decree-is-criminalising-dissent-and-expanding-state-powers/","citation":"https://civicspacewatch.eu/alert/italy-security-decree-is-criminalising-dissent-and-expanding-state-powers/"},{"url":"https://civicspacewatch.eu/alert/italy-security-law-enacted-in-june-2025-but-its-measures-were-already-applied-before-approval/","citation":"https://civicspacewatch.eu/alert/italy-security-law-enacted-in-june-2025-but-its-measures-were-already-applied-before-approval/"},{"url":"https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2025/04/11/25G00060/sg","citation":"https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2025/04/11/25G00060/sg"}],"summary":"After the Security Bill stalled in the Senate, the government turned it into a decree on 4 April 2025, bypassing parliamentary scrutiny; it was converted into law in June 2025. It expands police powers over assemblies and makes blocking roads with one's body a crime punishable by prison, with harsher penalties for defacing property on top of the 2024 'eco-vandalism' law. The Council of Europe, OSCE/ODIHR, UN experts, unions and CSOs warned it criminalises peaceful protest and undermines the rule of law; CSOs note its measures were already being applied before approval.","tactics":[{"code":"TC-18","role":"primary","label":"Legislative Operationalization","needs_review":false},{"code":"TC-39","role":"secondary","label":"Mass Criminalization of Protest and Civic Mobilization","needs_review":false}],"version":1,"channels":["Security decree converted into law"],"entities":[{"id":1201,"name":"Meloni government; parliamentary majority","role":"actor","entity_type":"Government"},{"id":1202,"name":"Protesters, environmental and climate activists, trade unions","role":"target","entity_type":"Movement; Sector"}],"date_text":"04/04/2025","created_at":"2026-09-25T12:58:56.577759+00:00","escalation":5,"harm_track":"Track 3 — Operational Suppression","narratives":[],"report_ids":[],"signal_ids":[],"updated_at":"2026-09-25T12:58:56.577759+00:00","occurred_on":"2025-04-04","campaign_ids":[],"enabler_type":"","response_ids":[],"trigger_type":"TR-02: Civic Mobilization","campaign_phase":"","civic_response":"","date_precision":"day","enabler_status":"","campaigns_served":[],"consequence_category":"Operational Suppression","institutional_consequence":"Legislation adopted; Protest criminalised; Chilling effect"}